They are commonly known as Dhyani Buddhas. They are not separate gods. They are just abstract aspect of Buddhahood called Tathagata. It is also said that, all the 5 Dhyani Buddhas are said to have originated from Vajrasattva himself.

They represent the essence of the five primordial defilements: lust, hatred, delusion, pride and jealousy.

Each of the 5 Buddhas embodies the primordial purity of these five defilements which obscure(confuse) our mind. These 5 Buddhas are not subdivisions of the Shakyamuni Buddha, nor do they have consorts and children of their own as some Buddhist scholars undertstand. They are in fact metaphorical expessions of nondual wisdom and skill in means. They are Sambhogakaya Buddhas and can perform ceaseless activity for the benefit of all sentient beings. Each of the 5 Buddhas first identifies a specific human failing and then helps us in transforming it into a positive attribute,bringing about the spiritual evolution required for enlightenment.

Of the 5 Dhyani Buddhas depicted, the senior is Vairochana who occupies the center of the Mandala, of the other four Dhyani Buddhas Akshobhya Buddha is in the East, Ratna Sambhav Buddha in the South, Amitabha in the West and Amoghsidhi Buddha in the North.

All the Buddhas of Pancha Buddha family is shown in their gesture. Vairochana in Dharmachakra Mudra (Dharma Wheel Teaching Gesture), Akshobhya in Bhumisparsha Mudra (Earth Touching Gesture), Ratnasambhava in Varada Mudra (Bestowing Gesture), and Amitabha in Dhyani Mudra.

This Thangka is painted in Gold.

Artist: unknown.